4/28(金)に,防災研究所地震・火山グループ研究会を開催いたします.
皆様お誘い合わせの上,是非ご参加いただきますようお願い申し上げます.
●2017年度 地震・火山グループ研究会 予定
6/30(金)、9/29(金)、11/24(金)、12/22(金)、3/30(金)
--------------2017年4月 地震・火山グループ研究会-------------
日時:2017年4月28日(金) 14:00~16:00
場所:京都大学防災研究所 大会議室 (本館S棟5階S-519D室)
http://www.kyoto-u.ac.jp/ja/access/campus/map6r_uji.htm
(構内マップ中の27番の建物です)
14:00 - 14:40
菊池 和平
地質学的褶曲作用に関する相似則
大きな部分の小さな部分を拡大しても、同じような構造が表れるものをスケール不変と呼ぶ。このようなスケール変換を扱う、幾何学はフラクタル幾何学と呼ばれる。東北本州弧の大規模褶曲に対してパワースペクトル分析が行われ、褶曲構造にスケール不変性 (フラクタル性)の存在が指摘されていた。地形・褶曲におけるスケール不変性は、地球表層の様々なプロセスにより形成される。しかし、これまでの褶曲のスケール不変性に関する解析では、スペクトル指数等単一の指数に基づいていたために、方向によるスケーリングの違いが無視されてきた。そのような中で、相似性の中で方向により傾向が違う自己アフィンの解析法が地形に適用された。これまでのパワースペクトル解析等の方法では、方向による違いは検討できなかったが、この解析では複数の方向の解析が行われている。しかし、地形と同じく褶曲のスケール不変性は、地殻の様々な影響を受けるため方向を考慮する必要があったが、そのような解析は行われていなかった。本発表では自己アフィン解析の手法を東北本州弧の褶曲と地形に実施した取り組みについて紹介する。
14:40 - 15:20
Emmanuel Soliman Mortel Garcia
Flexure of the Incoming Plate at Subduction Zones around the Pacific Basin
The bending of the oceanic lithosphere at subduction zones leads to a broad outer rise and a steep outer trench slope that can be observed in free-air gravity anomalies and seafloor bathymetry data. By using a thin elastic plate formulation with rigidity variations along both horizontal dimensions, and which also includes the effects of brittle yielding and ductile behavior, we generate flexure models that are able to reproduce the observed rapid change in the curvature of the plate at the outer trench slope. Forward models for flexural deflection and plate rigidity were fitted to satellite altimetry-derived marine gravity anomalies jointly with shipboard sonar soundings and swath bathymetry data sets. The estimated parameters are the applied vertical shear and bending moment at the trench axis, and the data misfits are minimized with respect to the L1-norm subject to constraints on the variation of the load parameters along the strike of the trench. We perform pre-processing of the input data to enhance the recovery of the flexural signal. Short-wavelength features such as seamounts are isolated using a directional median filter and then excluded from the parameter estimation process. Our results show that the plate rigidity progressively decreases with increasing proximity to the trench axis. These zones of plate weakening correspond to the occurrence of seafloor fractures at the outer trench slope as seen in high-resolution bathymetry data. Seismic and electromagnetic imaging studies by other researchers have speculated that such fractures may serve as pathways for hydration of the incoming plate. The extent of bending-induced fracturing could, therefore, have implications for determining the amount of water in subducting lithosphere.
15:20 - 16:00
Angela del Valle Meneses-Gutierrez
Inelastic deformation in the Niigata-Kobe Tectonic Zone based on GPS observation before and after the 2011 Tohoku-oki earthquake
The Niigata-Kobe Tectonic Zone (NKTZ) is a deformation zone along the east coast of Japan Sea, which shows localized geodetic contraction (10-7/yr, Sagiya et al. 2000), one order of magnitude larger than the long-term deformation rates in the area (10-8/yr, Wesnousky et al., 1982). Although various hypotheses have been proposed, the origin of strain concentration in this area was not well understood (e.g. Iio et al., 2002; Hyodo and Hirahara, 2003; Yamasaki and Seno, 2005).
I reviewed deformation patterns before and after the Tohoku-oki earthquake based on available GPS observation in order to understand the origin of the strain concentration in the NKTZ. I found persistent localized contraction in the NKTZ before and after the Tohoku-oki earthquake, which suggested that the deformation of NKTZ contains significant inelastic contribution.
Such results have important implications in the deformation process of the NKTZ and the whole Japan Island arc.
4/28(金)に,防災研究所地震・火山グループ研究会を開催いたします.
皆様お誘い合わせの上,是非ご参加いただきますようお願い申し上げます.
●2017年度 地震・火山グループ研究会 予定
6/30(金)、9/29(金)、11/24(金)、12/22(金)、3/30(金)
--------------2017年4月 地震・火山グループ研究会-------------
日時:2017年4月28日(金) 14:00~16:00
場所:京都大学防災研究所 大会議室 (本館S棟5階S-519D室)
http://www.kyoto-u.ac.jp/ja/access/campus/map6r_uji.htm
(構内マップ中の27番の建物です)
14:00 - 14:40
菊池 和平
地質学的褶曲作用に関する相似則
大きな部分の小さな部分を拡大しても、同じような構造が表れるものをスケール不変と呼ぶ。このようなスケール変換を扱う、幾何学はフラクタル幾何学と呼ばれる。東北本州弧の大規模褶曲に対してパワースペクトル分析が行われ、褶曲構造にスケール不変性 (フラクタル性)の存在が指摘されていた。地形・褶曲におけるスケール不変性は、地球表層の様々なプロセスにより形成される。しかし、これまでの褶曲のスケール不変性に関する解析では、スペクトル指数等単一の指数に基づいていたために、方向によるスケーリングの違いが無視されてきた。そのような中で、相似性の中で方向により傾向が違う自己アフィンの解析法が地形に適用された。これまでのパワースペクトル解析等の方法では、方向による違いは検討できなかったが、この解析では複数の方向の解析が行われている。しかし、地形と同じく褶曲のスケール不変性は、地殻の様々な影響を受けるため方向を考慮する必要があったが、そのような解析は行われていなかった。本発表では自己アフィン解析の手法を東北本州弧の褶曲と地形に実施した取り組みについて紹介する。
14:40 - 15:20
Emmanuel Soliman Mortel Garcia
Flexure of the Incoming Plate at Subduction Zones around the Pacific Basin
The bending of the oceanic lithosphere at subduction zones leads to a broad outer rise and a steep outer trench slope that can be observed in free-air gravity anomalies and seafloor bathymetry data. By using a thin elastic plate formulation with rigidity variations along both horizontal dimensions, and which also includes the effects of brittle yielding and ductile behavior, we generate flexure models that are able to reproduce the observed rapid change in the curvature of the plate at the outer trench slope. Forward models for flexural deflection and plate rigidity were fitted to satellite altimetry-derived marine gravity anomalies jointly with shipboard sonar soundings and swath bathymetry data sets. The estimated parameters are the applied vertical shear and bending moment at the trench axis, and the data misfits are minimized with respect to the L1-norm subject to constraints on the variation of the load parameters along the strike of the trench. We perform pre-processing of the input data to enhance the recovery of the flexural signal. Short-wavelength features such as seamounts are isolated using a directional median filter and then excluded from the parameter estimation process. Our results show that the plate rigidity progressively decreases with increasing proximity to the trench axis. These zones of plate weakening correspond to the occurrence of seafloor fractures at the outer trench slope as seen in high-resolution bathymetry data. Seismic and electromagnetic imaging studies by other researchers have speculated that such fractures may serve as pathways for hydration of the incoming plate. The extent of bending-induced fracturing could, therefore, have implications for determining the amount of water in subducting lithosphere.
15:20 - 16:00
Angela del Valle Meneses-Gutierrez
Inelastic deformation in the Niigata-Kobe Tectonic Zone based on GPS observation before and after the 2011 Tohoku-oki earthquake
The Niigata-Kobe Tectonic Zone (NKTZ) is a deformation zone along the east coast of Japan Sea, which shows localized geodetic contraction (10-7/yr, Sagiya et al. 2000), one order of magnitude larger than the long-term deformation rates in the area (10-8/yr, Wesnousky et al., 1982). Although various hypotheses have been proposed, the origin of strain concentration in this area was not well understood (e.g. Iio et al., 2002; Hyodo and Hirahara, 2003; Yamasaki and Seno, 2005).
I reviewed deformation patterns before and after the Tohoku-oki earthquake based on available GPS observation in order to understand the origin of the strain concentration in the NKTZ. I found persistent localized contraction in the NKTZ before and after the Tohoku-oki earthquake, which suggested that the deformation of NKTZ contains significant inelastic contribution.
Such results have important implications in the deformation process of the NKTZ and the whole Japan Island arc.
© Research Center for Earthquake Hazards.
© Research Center for Earthquake Hazards.